Eulong Island is a volcanic island developed in the East Sea. Most of the volcanoes in the East Sea are lined up on the northern boundary of the Eulong Basin, which forms the deep sea south of Eulong Island. Most of these volcanoes are active before Eulong Island, subdued, eroded, and remained dispersed. Dokdo, along with Eulong Island, is one of the few young volcanic bodies still exposed on land. Their specific formation process is still under study, but it is thought to be the result of magma formation one after another as the East Sea unfolded and the crust became thinner.
Eulong Island is surrounded by steep mountain slopes, and a basin, or caldera, is developed in the center in the shape of a horseshoe. There is a peak along the wall of Caldera, and Seonginbong Peak rises the highest at 984 m from the sea level. It is a type of stratified volcano piled up by volcanic eruptions from the bottom of a deep East Sea, and the shape of a cone is revealed when seawater is removed. Near the sea level, a shallow flat surface is developed due to erosion, and the bottom diameter of the mountain body forming the island exceeds 30km. The depth of the seabed around Eulong Island reaches 2,200m, and the actual height of the mountain is more than 3,000m, which is considerable among stratified volcanoes and exceeds Jeju Island in terms of its actual volume.
Eulong Island generally has reddish-oxidized trachybasalt lava flows along the coast, and much of the rest is exposed to trachyandesite lava flows from dense and gray trachyte, especially on mountain cliffs. Among the lava flows, there are rare phonolite lava flows. Yellow volcanic ash layers, including large rock masses, are thickly distributed around the middle of the mountain slope of Eulong Island, indicating that Eulong Island also has a strong volcanic eruption potential. Lava species found along the coast are among the oldest to be dated, dating from about 1.4 million years ago. It is believed that Eulong Island was exposed in earnest from around 1.4 million years ago and caused volcanic activity, and the last eruption lasted until about 5,000 years ago when looking at the volcanic ash layer deposited inside the Eulong Caldera, that is, Nari Basin. Albong is thought to be a volcanic dome pushed up by volcanoes in the end. The standard for active volcanoes is whether there were eruptions before 10,000 years ago, and there were various types of eruptions until about 5,000 years ago, so Eulong Island falls into the category of active volcanoes along with Baekdusan Mountain and Jeju Island. In fact, the temperature underground of Eulong Island is quite high, and there is still a seismic deceleration section.
As an active volcano, Eulong Island is not strange to erupt at any time, and there are reports that the underground temperature is currently rising
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